Juveniles And Death Penalty Essays - Penology, Juvenile Court

Juveniles And Death Penalty One of the most controversial issues in the rights of juveniles today is addressed in the question, Should the death penalty be applied to juveniles? For nearly a century the juvenile courts have existed to shield the majority of juvenile offenders from the full weight of criminal law and to protect their entitled special rights and immunities. In the case of kent vs. United states in 1996, Justice Fortas stated some of these special rights which include; Protection from publicity, confinement only to twenty-one years of age, no confinement with adults, and protection against the consequences of adult conviction such as the loss of civil rights, the use of adjudication against him in subsequent proceedings and disqualification of public employment (Kent vs. US 1966:1055). These special rights and immunities exist so that the justice courts can provide measures of guidance and rehabilitation for the child along with protection for society. However, there are some youths who are extrem ely dangerous and do not respond to attempts to reform themselves. The question is, should established mechanisms for transferring or waiving juvenile court jurisdiction in these exceptional cases take away these special rights and subject the youth to the full range of penalties for criminal behavior including, in some jurisdictions, execution (Thomson vs. State, 1986:784) ? Should These juveniles who perform the same malicious acts as some adult capital offenders be subject to the harshness of the criminal courts and the finality of the death penalty ? This paper will discuss a history of capital punishment for juveniles in the United States, methods of transferring juvenile cases to criminal courts, and also my position on the subject and justice of justice of juveniles and the death penalty. The constitutionality of the juvenile death penalty reached a settlement in 1988 in the case of Thompson v. Oklahoma when four Supreme Court Justices reached the conclusion that: persons under sixteen years of age cannot be sentenced to death (Thompson v. Oklahoma, 1988). Justice Stevens, Brennan, Marshall, and Blackmun considered these important issues as they were deliberating on the case: (1) Does a national consensus forbidding executions of juveniles exist?; (2) the extent to which the laws of other Western European nations prohibit or permit the execution of juveniles, and the opinions of respected professional organizations; (3) the degree to which the juveniles should be held responsible for their actions; (4) Whether the execution of juveniles contributed to the retributive or deterrent goals of punishment; and (5) Whether the small number of juveniles executed represents the waton and freakish application of the death penalty as condemned by Justice Stewart in Furman V. Geo rgia (Furman v. Georgia, 1972: 2763, Thompson v. Oklahoma, 1988: 487 U.S. 815). Following the decision, thirty eight states and the federal government created statutes authorizing the death penalty for certain forms of murder and other capital offenses ( Streib 1 of 2). Thompson v. Oklahoma held that no state within the minimum age line within its death penalty can go below the age of sixteen. Presently, fifteen states have chosen the min age of eighteen, four states have chosen the minimum age of seventeen (including Georgia), And twenty states have chosen the minimum age of sixteen (Streib 1 of 2). Before 1988, there was an uncertainty as to how the government should handle the juveniles and their capital crimes. There was one consensus among Justices and that was that the constitution and the Eighth Amendment did not outlaw juveniles receiving the death penalty. In furman v. Georgia (1972: 2823) justice powell wrote: ... The unswerving position that the court has taken in opinions spanning the last hundred years. On Virtually every occasion that any opinion has touched on the question . . . it has been asserted affirmatively, or tacitly assumed, that the Constitution does not prohibit the penalty. The Constitution, which has its roots in English Common Law, is not in violation in the case of juvenile death penalties. Before the minimum age of 16 statutes, English Common law from the 16th Century had a direct influence on the Constitution. This common law carried over to American statutes and established the presumption that no one under the age of seven had

5 Tips for Taking Notes - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog

5 Tips for Taking Notes - Proofread My Papers Academic Blog 5 Tips for Taking Notes Taking notes is an essential part of studying at college. You’ll need to take notes when you are researching a paper, as well as in class and when you go to lectures or conferences. However, notes are only valuable if you can use them when revising or writing assignments. Here are our top 5 tips to make your notes super useful! 1. Make a Summary When you are taking notes, don’t try to copy down everything that you read. Instead, try to summarize the information in your own words, as this will help you remember it later. If youre taking notes in a lecture and dont have time to write everything out in full as youre listening, leave space at the bottom of the page so you can write a brief summary at the end. 2. Go Back and Highlight A great way to consolidate your notes when you are revising (or preferably before!) is to go back over them and highlight or underline important details. You can even annotate them with more information. 3. Organize! Revision is much simpler if you have filed your notes properly. You can group notes based on date, theme, author or suitability for certain projects. 4. Use Shorthand This doesn’t have to be the kind of technical shorthand used by journalists. Just having a few shortened terms that you understand, such as w/ for ‘with’ and ‘b/’ for ‘because,’ can save valuable time when you are trying to follow a lecture! 5. Don’t Skimp on the References! It may feel like hard work, but get into the habit of writing down the full references for whatever text you are taking notes on. This will make it much easier when you come to using your notes for writing a paper. You can then just copy the full reference into your bibliography as soon as you mention the author.

Effective Communication Skills Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Effective Communication Skills - Essay Example Effective communication skills are thus necessary to provide effective services in health care. Paul Leagans defines communication as the process by which two or more people exchange facts, ideas, impressions and feelings so that each person gains understanding of use, intent and meaning of the message (Schuster, 1999). Communication includes verbal as well as non-verbal exchange of information. It is necessary to practice effective communication skills in nursing so as to understand, empathize and support patients (Carrol and Dolly, 2008). This paper will elaborate on two elements of effective communication and the skills pertinent to these elements. It is crucial to develop effective communication skills so as to overcome the various barriers to communication. In nursing practice, barriers to communication include physiological, personal, cultural, psychological and physical barriers. Physiological barriers, for example, altered mental state may interfere with the patient’s ability to interpret information. The nurse’s attitude, knowledge and feeling towards a patient may also impede communication. Physical barriers include noise, distance and other environmental factors that may impede communication (Schuster, 1999). The elements of effective communication include the sender, message, channel of communication, receiver and feedback (Schuster, 1999). The sender (source) formulates programs and broadcasts the information, which they want to communicate. The effect of the message is dependent on the sender’s attitude, knowledge, social status and communication skills. The message is the information in physical form conveyed to the audience. The channel of communication is the media used by the source in facilitating communication to the receiver. The receiver decodes, translates the meaning and acts upon the information received. Feedback is the reaction to the information conveyed by the sender. This paper will focus on the message and the channel and the skills therein. There are various forms of message. They include words, signs, symbols and pictures. It comprises of message code, content and treatment (Schuster, 1999). Message code defines any form of signs and symbols that are structured in a meaningful format to the same people. This includes the use of language to convey information. Message content defines the material that is in the message. This is selected by the sender in putting across his information. On the other hand, message treatment shows the decisions which the source undertakes to select and arrange the codes and content. The message communicates the sender’s feelings, intentions and attitudes towards the audience (Balzer, 2007). In nursing practice, information is conveyed from one person to another within a short time. Effective communication skills are necessary to avoid errors in vital information, for example, treatment of a patient (Balzer, 2007). In effective communication, a messag e should elicit the desired action from the audience. It must be clear, timely, specific and in line with the intended objectives. This means that the nurse should ensure that the message is brief, accurate and meets the objectives of its purpose. In addition, the message should be conveyed in a language that the audience can understand. The use of complex vocabulary to explain the patient’s disease and treatment will interfere on the patient’s ability to understand as well as accept their condition. Nursing practice also involves gathering information about the patient, symptoms and their effects to the patient. The use of a common language will enhance understanding between the patient and the nurse (Christie and Robinson,

Ikea Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Ikea - Case Study Example For this reason, IKEA focuses on the market segment where these customers are identified. This creates a remarkable point for IKEA to continously formulate promotional communication that would entice the benefits that these target customers desire. The firm’s targeting strategy is therefore concentrated. Concentrated targeting strategy allows marketer to facilitate promotional message and direct it to a single and specific market segment (Pride and Ferrell 181). This makes IKEA dynamic in its attempt to create competitive advantage in its industry. To reach this competitive advantage, IKEA uses psychographic variables for segmenting consumer market. Psychographic variables pertain to lifestyle, attitudes and personalities (Reid and Bojanic 136). It is clear based on the case that the firm uses the idea it has about the consumers’ attitudes, lifestyle and personality when it implements its targeting strategy. Furthermore, to enhance this strategy, the firm also incorporates the behavioral and benefits variables. Behavioral variables include the actual behaviors of the customers which could become the basis of what service to offer them (Reid and Bojanic 137). This leads to its emancipation of additional service thru its cavernous stores for hungry customers. In addition, IKEA clearly tries to win its target customers by offering them the benefits of their products. Benefits are very important because they could help the firm in its identification of appropriate information to use to its target market (Reid and Bojanic 13 9). As a result of the above marketing strategies, IKEA today has become the leading home furnishings brand in the world with 330 stores in 40 countries and having dynamic actual and online interactions to its customers with around 154,000 co-workers (IKEA). It has aggressively expanded from its humble

Women's Baseball in the 20th Centry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Women's Baseball in the 20th Centry - Essay Example However, the name All-American Girls Professional Ball League (AAGPBL) eventually stuck due to its popularity. The league was later purchased in 1950, and a Player's Association introduced in 1986, which was soon followed by recognition through induction of the girls in the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988. One of the major issues facing the new league was its hybrid status between softball and baseball, so rules of both games had to be incorporated and modified, including ball size, pitching techniques, number of players, but mostly in order to level the gender differences for the sake of interest. The new rules were drafted by Jack Sheehan of the Chicago Cubs, Vern Hernlund, supervisor of recreation for the Chicago Parks Department, and Ken Sells. Then they scouted the U.S and Canada for talented female softball players, and the response was phenomenal, as literally hundreds of women wanted to join the League. The field was narrowed to 60 women who formed the first professional baseball League. Each team included a female chaperone, plus a famous male sports figure as their manager. It was

Applicability of Alternate Minimum Tax

Applicability of Alternate Minimum Tax All the non-corporate income tax payers are supposed to be paying AMT. The rule for applicability is that the AMT is payable if: Tax under normal Provisions (as per income tax act) is less than AMT. In this case the adjusted total income is considered to be the total income and tax liability is calculated over it. The other rule mentions that the AMT will not be paid by the individual, HUF (Hindu Undivided Family), AOP (Association of Persons) and Artificial Juridical Person if the Adjusted Total Income is not greater than Rs.20 lakhs. Non-Applicability to LLPs incorporated under foreign Law Limited Liability Partnerships incorporated under foreign laws are not considered Firm as per the definition given under section 2(23) and are considered under the definition given in section 2(17). So, the provisions of AMT are not applicable to such LLPs. Applicability to foreign firms not incorporated under any Foreign Law Foreign firms which are not incorporated as per the foreign country law but fits into the definition of firm as per Indian Partnership Act,1932 is considered firm as under section 2(23). So, the provisions of AMT as per chapter XII-BA are applicable to such firms. The Alternate minimum tax liability is as per section 115JC for the income to be chargeable to tax under India. Rate The applicable rate of AMT is 18.5%, which is calculated on Adjusted Total Income. Further, the final AMT is calculated by calculating education and secondary education cess of 3% on 18.5% and surcharge if applicable. Surcharge is not applicable for LLP. A Table containing steps is included in annexure along with an illustration. The steps and illustration are given in Annexure- I and II respectively. As per the provisions of AMT, the final tax liability for the non-corporate assessees is greater of the tax as per normal provisions and Alternate Minimum Tax (Tax @ 18.5 percent (plus secondary and education cess as applicable) on adjusted total Income). Alternate Minimum Tax Credit Tax credit is available against future tax liability if AMT is greater than tax under normal provisions. The credit amount is the difference between the two and can be adjusted or carried forward for ten years from the year in which the credit was earned. From the assessment year 2018-19, the period will be fifteen years.The section applicable is 115JD. Set-off is available when the tax as per normal provision for LLP is more than AMT. The amount of set-off is limited to amount paid in excess of AMT. However, the rules regarding carry forward or set-off are not applicable for education and secondary education cess. Further, if the credit is not utilised within ten years then it cant be availed later on. Interest is not paid on tax credit availed. Application of other Provisions of this Act The provisions are given under section 115JE and are applicable to the non-corporate assessee to whom AMT provisions apply. This section includes advance tax, interest as per sections 234A,234B and 234C penalty. Key points with respect to the New Chapter XII-BA Finance Bill,2011 was to tax limited Liability Partnership in a different manner. The rule was applicable to LLPs which claimed deduction as per chapter VI-A(C) or Section 10AA of the Income tax act,1961. It was introduced particularly for the LLPs claiming income based deductions only. Key Points you should know. This chapter entailed some key terms, which are explained as follows: Regular Income Tax This is the income tax as under normal provisions, that is, according to the tax rate applicable to the particular assessee as per income tax act,1961. Uptil this calculation, no effect of Chapter XII-BA is given. This is defined under section 115JF(d). Adjusted Total Income Adjusted Total Income is explained under section 115JC (2). Adjusted total income is calculated over the normal tax calculated for the LLP non-corporate assessee and further giving the effect of Chapter XII-BA provisions. These adjustments include following (given under section 115JEE (1)), which are added to the normal tax: Deductions under Chapter VI-A, which are deductions on certain incomes (Section 80HH to 80RRB except 80P) Deduction as per section 10AA, applicable in special economic zones. Deduction under 35AD which is reduced by the depreciation amount as per section 32. Deductions, particularly applicable on LLPs include the following sections: 10AA, 80IA, 80IAB, 80IB, 80IC, 80ID, 80JJA, 80LA and 80Q. The assessee claiming deduction under section 35AD (with effect from 1st april,2015) cannot claim deduction under the following sections- 80IA, 80IB, 80IC and 80ID. Such an assessee does not have to pay AMT. When Alternate, Minimum Tax is calculated, then the concept of brought forward loss and unabsorbed depreciation are taken into account and set-off for them is as per the Income Tax Act,1961. If a company is converted to a Limited Liability Partnership form of organisation, then the MAT credit, which the company earned is not allowed to be set-off against AMT. Assessees Responsibility The assessees falling under the provisions of this act are required to prepare a report consisting of the details and calculations basis of adjustments done for computation of the tax liability to the CA. The books of account and relevant records pertaining to the documents regarding the furnishing of the deductions claimed under sections applicable under these sections. The information is to be further filled in form 29(C). The details of the report and form are explained as under. Report A certificate and a report regarding calculation of adjusted total income and alternate income tax, is required to be furnished before the due date of filing return as per section 139(1). The report is certified from a Chartered Accountant. The provisions for this are given under section 155JC (3). Form no. applicable is 29(C). According to the guidelines form ICAI, this report consists of three paragraphs: First paragraph should consist of the declaration about the examination of accounts and records of non-corporate assessee in order to arrive at adjusted total income and the AMT. Second paragraph should consist of certification of calculation of adjusted Total Income and AMT and the tax payable as per 115JC. The third paragraph should consist of expression of the opinion that the particulars furnished in Annexure A of form 29(c) are accurate and true. Form The form under section 29(C) requires the assessee under this act to furnish the following items: Name of the Assessee Address of the Assessee Permanent Account Number Assessment Year Total Income of the Assessee in the manner mentioned under Income Tax Act. Income Tax payable on total income computed under point 5. Deduction amount as per Part C, Chapter VI-A (except section 80P). Deduction amount as per section 10AA. Adjusted total Income (5+7+8). AMT (19.055% of Adjusted Total Income) If Tax on total income is > AMT, then AMT is considered as Not Applicable (N.A) in column 10 If Tax on total income is [1] Reasons In the year 1969, around 155 tax payers were saving taxes or paying almost nothing to the government by using deductions and tax breaks. So, AMT was introduced with the objective to reduce the incidences of tax savings by the higher income groups. But over the years it has reached to the middle-income groups as well. This is attributed to inflation as AMT is said to have never adjusted for inflation, so if income increased overtime for an assessee, it landed them in the AMT bracket. Chapter XII-BA was introduced to save revenue that arose when a company converted to LLP. This was basically done to take advantage of tax exemptions and rationalization of taxation. According to the provisions of Income Tax Act,1961, tax neutrality was provided in case of a conversion of a company to a Limited Liability Partnership. The transaction is not subject to capital gains if certain conditions are fulfilled. There was a possibility of tax saving. Advantage which was available to LLP Before the proposition of provisions of AMT, LLP was considered a tax saving form of organization as Minimum Alternate Tax and Dividend Distribution Tax. So, the companies used to convert to LLP for the benefits. The benefits are explained as under and analysis is done based on that. Benefits LLP are not levied surcharge and DDT. Capital gains are not attracted when the assets are transferred from a company to LLP. This helps in saving tax. Companies have an increased cost of maintenance of the statutory records which comes under the minimum compliance level. But LLPs does not have incur any such costs as there are no compliances to be fulfilled in terms of maintenance of records or the meetings. There is no limit on the number of partners in LLP. All the assets, movable and immovable are automatically vested in LLP and no stamp duty is applicable. Other benefits of LLP include the following- Government intervention is restrictive, easier to wind-up and audit is required to be done only in case of aggregate contribution more than Rs.25 lakhs and turnover greater than Rs.40 lakhs. Advance Tax Advance tax is to be paid as per provisions 115JE and interest is attracted if there is failure to pay it. If the assessee has income under the head PGBP on presumptions applicable as per section 44AD and 44ADA, he/she is not allowed to claim profit linked deductions. So, if the tax payer falls under the bracket of those claiming deduction under section 10AA or under Chapter VI-A, then adjusted total income will be increased by such amounts as well. Difference between MAT (Minimum Alternate Tax) and AMT (Alternate Minimum Tax) MAT AMT Applicable on Companies Applicable to non-corporates Section 115JB Section 115JC Calculated on book profit Calculated on adjusted total income Effective tax rate is 19.5% Effective tax rate is 19.05% [1] Taken from the Income Tax Department document

The Watergate Complex :: American History Papers

The Watergate Complex "The Watergate Complex is a series of modern buildings with balconies that looks like filed down Shark's Teeth" (Gold, 1). Located on the Potomac River in Washington, D.C. it contains many hotel rooms and offices. What happened in the complex on June 17, 1972 early in the morning became a very historical event for our nation that no one will ever forget. The "Watergate Scandal and constitutional crisis that began on June 17, 1972 with the arrest of five burglars who broke into the Democratic National Committee (DMC) headquarters at the Watergate office building in Washington D.C. It ended with the registration of President Richard M. Nixon on August 9, 1974. (Watergate) At approximately 2:30 in the morning of June 17, 1972 five men were arrested at the Watergate Complex. The police seized a walkie talkie, 40 rolls of unexposed film, two 35 millimeter cameras, lock picks, pensized teargas guns, and bugging devices. (Gold, 75) These five men and two co-plotters were indicated in September 1972 on charges of burglary, conspiracy and wire tapping. Four months later they were convicted and sentenced to prison terms by District Court Judge John J. Sercia was convinced that relevant details had not been unveiled during the trial and offered leniency in exchanged for further information. As it became increasingly evident that the Watergate burglars were tied closely to the Central Intelligence Agency and the Committee to re-elect the president. (Watergate) Four of these men, that were arrested on the morning of June 17, 1972, came from Miami, Florida. They were Bernard L. Barker, Frank A. Sturgis, Virgillio R. Gonzalez, and Eugenio R. Martinez. The other man was from Rockville, Maryland named James W. McCord, Jr. The two co-plotters were G. Gordon Liddy and E. Howard Hunt. (Watergate) The senate established and investigative committee headed by Senate Sam Ervin, Jr., to look into the growing scandal. As they were investigating, they related that the famous break-in was far more involved than what everyone had expected. (Watergate) The White Houses involvement of that morning first became evident when James McCord wrote a letter to Judge Sirca. In this letter McCord explained that he wanted to disclose the details of Watergate. He made it apparent that he would not speak to a Justice department official of an FBI agent. Although his letter did unveil details, it made server chargers. McCord justified that "Political pressure" (Westerfled 36) had generated many defendants to plead guilty and remain silent. He also claimed that there had been whiteness at the trail who had committed perjury in order to

Performance Management at Vitality Health Enterprises, Inc. Essay

Vitality Health Enterprises is a large beauty products and nutraceuticals company offering a full range of health, wellness, and beauty products around the globe. The company was originally founded in 1987 in Ames, Iowa, by Hikaaru â€Å"Fred† Kikuchi who is an experienced serial entrepreneur. His inspiration for Vitality came when his wife was continually dissatisfied with the quality of beauty products she was finding here in the U.S., since they emigrated from Japan. Kikuchi saw a business opportunity and used his relationships from back home to import beauty products and the rest is history. Vitality has gone through numerations of growth that has included: moving company headquarters to Des Moines – thought to be a better location for growth, establishing its own manufacturing facility with its own chemists – to develop its own unique products specifically targeting the U.S. marketplace, purchasing HerbaPure Nutraceuticals to offer a broader range of products, and establishing an IPO to raise capital for further expansion – which now includes nine global offices representing markets in Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe. Vitality has grown far beyond selling products out of Kikucki’s garage to a large scale enterprise in the personal care products sector. Beth Williams is the current CEO who was recruited in mid-2008 to replace Kikuchi over concerns for his health, and to infuse Vitality with fresh blood and new ideas in the highly competitive marketplace. The board liked her no-nonsense approach and hoped she could turn Vitality around after a period of stagnation. James Hoffman is the newly appointed vice president of Human Resources at Vitality Health Enterprises and shares concerns with Beth that Vitality is not maintaining its edge on innovation, and has a large employee turnover rate among the highly talented research scientists. His first assignment is to take the lead on the new Performance Management Evaluation Team, constructed to evaluate the success of the system, and present the findings and recommendations to the board. Hoffman’s evaluation can either provide him with a great career opportunity, or be the catalyst for his departure. His concern is they do not have all the data to present and having been with Vitality for two months, he needs to be certain of his analysis – not to mention his boss, Beth, is the one who implemented the program several years earlier. The main problem in this entire case is how Vitality can maintain being the industry leader in innovation. There is a high turnover rate with high performing employees, especially those who are the innovators in product development. The high turnover is attributed to the poor incentive structure. Innovation is vital at maintaining the competitive edge, in any rapidly changing industry. For other employees, the structure encourages complacency and a culture of ineffective performance, not easily identifying poor performers. There is a problem with the evaluation process required of the managers, in the performance evaluations. They are not properly trained on how to evaluate the teams and don’t like the structure because it alienates team members. There might also be legal issues with discrimination and how the evaluation is designed. Company wide motivation has been declining due to the performance management system. Managers don’t feel thorough evaluations are, â€Å"worth their time†, and they are concerned the force- rank system incorrectly ranks individual performance. Employees can be placed in the lower tier, comp structure, if they are part of a high performing team and the opposite can be true for employees ranked in the higher tier, if they are part of a lower performing team. The system’s â€Å"fairness† has been questioned throughout the organization, and no clear standards are understood on what dictates your placement in the tier system. If employees are not clear on the system, it is challenging to make corrections in their performance. In addition, management feels employees are less likely to take additional initiative, outside their roles, to better the team’s performance – since there is no real incentive to do so. These issues negatively affect the culture, and have led to increased turnover in top-tier talent, which has left Vitality struggling to maintain its hold as industry leader. Performance management systems primary goal should be to stimulate behaviors that improve performance within a company. It appears as Hoffman suggested – Vitality has, â€Å"missed the mark† and is not fostering the type of behavior it originally set out to accomplish. The question for Vitality and Hoffman is: does the performance management system need correction, or should they start from scratch? We believe they can modify the current system they have in place and make it successful. They have already taken the appropriate measures to find where the system is lacking, which is in motivating the employees. This demonstrates that Vitality is moving in the right direction by being proactive on improving the working environment and culture of the company. One system will never be a perfect fit for all, but we believe we’ve identified a few key suggestions, based off the organizational feedback, that would enable Vitality to â€Å"hit the mark† with their performance management system. First we would address the time constraints the managers have in preparing the evaluations, by allowing the process to be extended by three months. Teamwork is central to turning out new products, yet the evaluation removes the motivation and encouragement for individual initiative that would benefit team performance. We recommend a piece of the individual performance, perhaps 20-30 % of the evaluation, be based off team accomplishments; similar to a NFL football team winning the Super Bowl and earning bonuses for the team. It’s well known that some players contribute more than others due to ability, yet the entire team contributes and receives additional compensation based off the accomplishment. The force-rank component would be based off the employee achieving key individual milestones, that would be determined by the manager and employee, at the beginning of the year. We would also remove the required number of rankings for top achievers, achievers, low achievers, unacceptable and not rated. We would leave these up to the discretion of the manager. The manager would then have a pool of money to distribute throughout his team contingent on the performance evaluations. In order to entice innovation, within the organization, a specific bonus/kicker structure should be incorporated into the plan that rewards individuals and teams that bring new product development to market. It’s clear that Vitality has made the right moves to maintain its market leader perception. We applaud Beth Williams for identifying a problem within the company, and being proactive to change course in order to maintain continued high performance.

Arguing for Schools Requiring Student Uniforms Essays

Arguing for Schools Requiring Student Uniforms Essays Arguing for Schools Requiring Student Uniforms Paper Arguing for Schools Requiring Student Uniforms Paper Ronald Merzier Professor Surrency ENC 1101 26 October 2011 Topic: Arguing for schools requiring student uniforms. Thesis Statement: School uniforms benefit both the students and the faulty. It creates an atmosphere in which the students are able to get the most out of their education. Annotated bibliography: King, K. A. â€Å"Should School Uniforms be Mandated in Elementary Schools†: Journal of School Health. 68: 32–37. This article talks about arguments for and against the use of school uniforms. It explains the dangers of schools not mandated uniforms, some of the examples are kids are into fashion trends like urban clothing. They wear gang related clothing which in turn cause gang members to roam the school area or even enter the school building. It also talks about how kids would be jealous of what another kids are wearing, which in turn would cause bullying. This is related to my research topic because it explains how kids would be in violence towards one another. Marchant,Valerie. â€Å" Dress for Success† Time maginze. 1990. This article talks about how uniforms can have a positive effect on students. The effects are students may become confident in their self and disciplined. Students will be less judgmental of other students because everyone is wearing the same dress code and lastly students will be able to resist peer pressure and focus on their schoolwork. Then it talks about how a high school now wears uniforms cause fewer distractions, less suspensions and better attendance. This is related to my topic because it talks about the positive effects of wearing school uniforms. Wilkins, Joe. â€Å"School uniforms. † Humanist, 59. 2 (1999), 19-22. This article talks about the different aspects of how school uniforms can influence students daily life. It talks about how the schools can identify the intruders and how parents would be saving money instead of buying expensive name brand clothing or urban clothing. This is related to my topic because its talking about how uniforms will help out students and parents. Boutelle, Marsha. â€Å"Uniforms: Are They a Good Fit? † Education Digest, 73. (2008), 35-37. This article is about the different viewpoints on school uniforms. It talks about dress codes and how school uniforms effect the students. One other thing it talks about is how school uniforms teach good values and good citizenship and uniform promote safety. This article is related to my topic because its helping me decide on what I can use as my supporting details and main reasons why school uniforms should be required. Damast, Alison. â€Å" Return of the Dress Code. † Business Week. 2007. This article talks about marketing students at Illinois State University are required to follow a dress code when they are going to class. It talks about the reactions the students made, like some students like the change. They feel that it prepares them for the real world another’s say the policy is fine but feel that why they have to wear it to non- marketing class. This article is related to my topic because it talks about how uniforms are good for you which can give me more supporting details to write about

Hugo Munsterberg essayEssay Writing Service

Hugo Munsterberg essayEssay Writing Service Hugo Munsterberg essay Hugo Munsterberg essayThe main aims of the assignment are to explore the contribution of Hugo Munsterberg into psychology and to define his interest in other disciplines.To begin, it is necessary to give a brief description of Munsterberg’s interest in psychology for the purpose to understand this personality and his works better. Hugo Munsterberg (1863 1916) was a German-American psychologist, a representative of applied psychology (psychotechnics). He studied business management issues, professional selection, vocational guidance, job training, adaptation of technology to psychological abilities of a man and other factors to increase workers’ productivity and income of entrepreneurs. In order to reproduce real life situations in the laboratory, he built special models (maps) of these situations, which were portrayed in the form of signs and symbolic field of perception and action. He also dealt with hypnosis and psychology of testimony. Thus, it can be said that Muns terberg is one of the founders of psychotechnics, while he introduced the term of â€Å"psychotechnics† into practice, and developed a strategy for the investigation of work processes in the laboratory.Being more specific, it can be stated that Hugo Munsterberg was a supporter of one of the variants of psychophysical parallelism. Hugo Munsterberg, being a researcher and working at Harvard University, examined memory, attention, and perception. Despite the fact that Munsterberg was a brilliant experimenter and researcher, he was irresistibly attracted to the empirical side of psychology, the application of psychological knowledge in practice. Moreover, Hergenhahn (2000) said that in the period from 1905 to 1916, he did more than anyone before or after him to define and expand the field of activity of practical psychology. He was a researcher who had a very keen insight into the base of human relationships. In addition, thinking about the contribution of Munsterberg into the fi eld of psychology, we need to note that he also dealt with forensic psychology and testimony, clinical psychology, psychology of education and evaluation of art, while he developed various methods and strategies of research and improvement of labor processes.Observing key theories, which Hugo Munsterberg introduced into practice and developed through his life, it becomes obvious that he made a lot for the birth of industrial psychology. Munsterberg, as Moore (1921) mentioned, being recognized as a leader in experimental psychology, explored human behavior in all spheres of human activity beginning with manufacturing, education, and ending with crime detection. He printed the results of the studies both in the most popular and accessible journals (for example, â€Å"For Housewives†), and in a purely scientific journals. But wherever the works of Munsterberg were published, they enjoyed the same success.Forensic psychology was the first application area where Munsterberg decide d to work. He has written many articles on topics such as crime prevention, the use of hypnosis in the practice of questioning suspects, psychological testing to determine guilt, etc. His attempts to solve the latter problem are seen not undisputed, and his contemporaries evaluated them negatively in the end. But in spite of some mistakes, Hugo Munsterberg did much for the purpose to help legal psychology to take its rightful place not only among psychological sciences, but also in the legal field.To illustrate Munsterberg’s attempts to find the truth, according to Heinze (2004), it can be mentioned that the scientist was extremely interested in the problem of reliability of testimony. He set the task to experimentally verify the probability of erroneous playback of the parts of the crime by witness. In Munsterberg’s experiments, subjects who acted as â€Å"witnesses† were interviewed immediately after they watched a simulation of some incident. The fact that ev en the testimony of â€Å"hot pursuit† was significantly differ in many details made the issue rather debatable in specific circles.These observations were summarized in the book about the psychology of Testimony (â€Å"On the Witness Stand†), published in 1908. (In total, Munsterberg wrote more than a dozen books; and all his books were in a huge reader’s demand due to the attractiveness of the themes and style of explanation). In this work, he pointed rational way and those scientific means, which should be used to assess the evidence, while he also considered the fundamental issues of application of the methods of experimental psychology for justice.There is no a secret that subsequently, this problem was studied in various aspects by many psychologists, as, in particular, widely presented in the extensive chapters in modern textbooks on social psychology. Unfortunately, the name of Munsterberg is rarely mentioned in them. Moreover, when in 1976 his book was republished, it became a real eye-opener for many psychologists. It turned out that many of the issues of forensic psychology, studied throughout the twentieth century, were delivered and even partly solved by Munsterberg many years ago.Another area of ​​Munsterberg’s interest was pedagogy, more precisely, the use of psychological patterns in school practice. His book on the subject was titled â€Å"Psychology and the Teacher†. Amazingly, even today Munsterberg’s reasoning about the psychology of educational process sound actually. But, on the other hand, it is evidenced that all the new generations of teachers have to face all the same psychological problems that cannot be resolved once for all. So, psychological knowledge is always necessary in this area.According to Bjork (1983), it is impossible to leave without mentioning the fact that psychotherapy was also one of the areas of Munsterberg’s interest. The scientist believed that mental illnesses arise due to the inability of a man to adapt the own behavior to the environment. The therapeutic method of Munsterberg in this case was to eliminate the patient’s anxious thoughts, to rid a person of unwanted or harmful habits, to make a person forget about the negative emotions.Hugo Munsterberg essay part  2

A research about plastic pollution in California Paper

A about plastic pollution in California - Research Paper Example This trash does not simply go nor does it decompose, it stays and pollutes the environment in a range of ways. Plastic is the most extensive form of rubbish disposed to our ecosystem and the issue has become a problem in need of instant solutions because its effects to our environment are devastating environmentally. California would have been the first state in the nation to implement a ban on the plastic ban in July 2014. However, due to the intervention of industries associated with plastic and bag manufacturing who paid some amount to stop this ban, the state pushed forward the deadline to November 2016. Other organizations as well contributed against the lobby with the aim of keeping factory workers’ jobs intact as well as preventing the 10-cent per paper bag used pay for all residents in California. All people resident in California should be at the forefront in advocating for the new bill concerning banning plastic bags because their pollution poses far reaching environ mental as well as health issues to the lives of human beings, animals, marine life and other species in the ecosystem generally. Environmentalists are the leading groups of people pushing for major changes of human behavior with regard to plastic bags menace. The leading plastic distributors are always stores and malls who give consumers these bags free and after using them go ahead and discard them aimlessly without minding their effects on the environment. This issue has been at the central part of many debates and it has created different opinions from the citizens of California. Those in favor of the ban have come up with measures to curb the plastic bag menace but opponents, a great number of whom are the plastic industry and bag manufacturers are against this move (Kumeh). This has created a row such that the state secretary announced a referendum to let the public decide about this decision. Plastic bags need replacement of a better substitute

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Stanley McChrystals listen, learn.then lead - Movie Review Example Through such acts, subordinates will be more than willing to help their leader when they realize he or she is down because they expect them to be on their feet serving and defending juniors A good leader is that who is willing to listen and learn from juniors. From McChrystal’s explanation, it is clear that an effective leader in most cases can let subordinates fail but does not let them be failures. For this reason, it is believed that leaders are not particularly nice just because they are right but it is because they show the will to learn, accept mistakes and trust their juniors. Leaders must be transparent in their actions and be ready to undergo reverse mentorship The management team at my place of work is always willing to listen since they know that it is all about learning. By listening, they get to understand how people feel, what their expectations are about some decisions and what motivates subordinates. Leadership skills evident in the talk are confidence and goal oriented. Leaders must be confident in order to build trust in subordinates. Since people follow leaders, it is easy for them to do so if they have trust in a leader through the ability to communicate with each other effectively. In additions, leaders must be goal oriented because it depicts the purpose. This is effective through living up to their promises and obligations in a transparent manner. Listening and learning before leading are the most critical elements that leaders must be ready for when it comes to managing subordinates. It is always good to listen to them because it is through such communications that people build trust, get new ideas and improve work quality. From the talk, it is clear that leaders are not always right but because they are willing to learn, people treat them as true