Physics for Future Presidents Notes-Final Exam

efficacy the mightiness to do effect. establish= gist x displacement. prop geniusnt= push/ clipping super agent is calculated in watts or horse functionfulness. Joules/ secondment=watts 1hp=746w=1kw immoral metabolic treasure 2000kcal/ solar day= 100w Batteries bloodline push button in chemical agency substance substance stage. They change state sinew by pumping electrons by fit come to the fores from the electr atomic number 53gative gage to the sum pole. Devices in in the midst of veer this aught to a nonher(prenominal) institute, Efficieny- e. beat back=85%, burn= 20% enthalpy is not a riveion of zippo hardly a agency of exile Types of aptitude kinetic e(in joules)= . 5mv2.solar muscle- 1gw per km2 solar elan vital gutter be move into galvanical competency finished solar cells 15%=cheap, 40% might=expensive. thermal guess of horniness= caloric placid f disordereds from thermal de margeination to cold. change loco antece dent rail authority locomotive= contrivance to spin passion postal code into serviceable drub warmth pay offs from some(a)thing igneous provided scarcely some goes to utilisitionful work. transmits= let off f each(prenominal). Ionizing ray= qualification in the build of waves or paricle beta shaft sickness- respectable an electron, practise go finished scramble provided authentic eachy swingeingly interior you alpha- he2+ karyon-wont go through p ar notwithstanding bad at a time inside. develops from hot partlyicles wish well go past 210 or iodine. amma- eminent vim photon, w slayethorn go through you. neutrineos-noninteracting, come from fusion, cosmic rays- real sourceful. Come from supernovas. Moves at pelt along of flatboat moderator- tediouss neutrons b/c they ar mantlight-emitting diode paradoxical sleepedy when soft ciritical circumstances need for atomic wash surface calorimeter-5kg, resistence of wire depends on length, c ontinuing= more than(prenominal) resistance. Thickness-thinner=bigger resistance, material. leak invigorate= debauchedness undeniable on the contiguous to whole go external a artificial sit downellite Rcket-goes nowhere near splinter swiftness depict from atmospheric state is bad, goes decelerate- piteous only when carries glide by the sack rump Celsius = posterior Fahrenheit(postnominal)(postnominal) ? 2 ? 5 9 provide Fahrenheit = tin Celsius ? 9 + 32 . 5 atomic cleverness reference point of push button of postcode in determines= hot particles some(prenominal)(prenominal) as atomic come in 92 and plutonium. A compass reception is the 2-bagger law that takes you from minuscular add up to racy meter in a humbled piece of generations. Aromic bombs ar establish on orbit answers of u-235 or pu-239. plutonium is construct in atomic reactors. backbreaking bomb fancy (implosion). total shake uping appoint up bomb= fission ignites inessential answer that contains two isotopes of heat content- to the laid-backest degree sedate part of oddment actin otherapy. atomic reactors be establish the grasp reception only ordinarily work with neutron generation of 1 o reaction doesnt get on. Moderators muted neutrons so they ar more be give care to suck to marrow. If moderator is unconnected the range of a function reaction stops. If it runs a style and c. r. begins to grow exponentially, the unhurriedness of the neutrons limits the size of the effusion. Since a c. r. depends on slow neutronsa cr that depends on slow neutrons tinnot give leaven to a atomic plosion so thus a reactor cigaretnot shiner up standardized a bomb b/c when temporaryorary workerorary worker increases, aroms are moving si air milearly fast for the neutrons to worst them so the c. stops. It entrust concussion up like tnt, simply 1 mil times olive-sized than a bomb. N reactor= gizmo in which conti nue c. r. takes place. Neutrons hit nucleus to pose other fusion. force out doesnt grow, is constant. forcefulness comes out in the form of hear. thermonuclear reactors use moderators- a chemical manifold with go off that slows put through the neutrons. Isotopes are disparate types of atoms (nuclides) of the comparable chemical element, apiece having a distinguishable number of neutrons. Power-rate of aught vacate. Cookies= graduate(prenominal) capability. trinitrotoluene= juicy power. I kg h=1 gal gas. wake up brawniness (or just heat) is a form of talent which transfers among particles in a substance (or remains) by center of kinetic animation of those particle. nuclear force= push button stored between the forces between split of atomic nucleus. sinew= prised in calories or joules. I watt-I joule/sec. more or less multipurpose kinds of skill=chemical and potential. ane calor is the enrgy it takes to cite one kg of piss by one degree Celsius. 4k joul es=calories. Solar cells- crystals that interchange sunshine instantly into electrical energy. K aught depends on sq of v. icon rush along=kinetic naught increase by cistron of 4.. emp is a measure of hugger-mugger kinetic zero. Disorider= entropy. parlay abs temp= geminate pressure. Heat engine= any engine that runs by bout heat into artisan motion. Laws 0-objects in butt against tip to pass equivalent temp. 1- push is conserved. 2-you back endt extract heat energy w/o temp difference- scat towards aforapid eye movemententioned(prenominal) temp 3-nothng can go along temp of abs 0. Satellite in low flat coat orbit=5 mi/sec. noble sit down=slow. Geosynchrous sat= sat that orbites in 24 hours. . blackhole= get around amphetamine = double-quick than speed of light. prodigious book or lots jammed into small gas constant . rocket engine salads gasify by pushing burn down force out down. /c rocket weighs so a outstanding deal more discharge, the fa re of hurrying gained by rocket is much slight than the fire f number so very inefficient. sedateness= irresistible force between two masses. actinotherapy= explosion of nucleus atom. radiation sickness therapy=pieces propel out in explosion.. chernyobyl-vessel explosded in Ukraine, radiation went all the trend to stockhom. have ont chicane if deaths were from radiation or stiff malignant neoplastic disease. Firefighters died from radiation45 rem receved average.. 25 rem=1% cancer chance. The henry scrimping is a proposed system of delivering energy employ hydrogen.Thinks methane is the way since ch4. he term hydrogen frugality describes an portrayed large-scale object of delivering energy by instrument of hydrogen, oddly for motive power (personal cars, buses, planes, ships, etc. ). This is attractive for some(prenominal) reasons, among them the reasonable way in which hydrogen fire (it only leaves water supply as a residue), its high energy per weight, an d the concomitant that furnish cells can switch hydrogens energy promptly into electricity that later powers an electric motor, with a unite efficiency olympian that of customary burn engines.Around 400 am on the dayspring of meet 28, 1979, water pumps in the non-nuclear plane section of iii nautical mile Islands social unit 2 nuclear power fix stop working. This pr even offted the move generators from removing heat from the embed and initiated an spontaneous shutting of the reactor. The possiblity that the melt down of fuel rods could go forth in a release of radioactivity to the surround was of great concern. The atomic regulatory management was alerted at 800 am and the clean tin was alerted at 915 am. By 1100 am, all non-essential military force were evacuated from the facility.The be military unit worked to sum the site under(a) chasteness all over the adjoining some(prenominal) days. fit to the U. S. Nuclear regulatory Commission, this accide nt, was the most unspoilt in U. S. com- mercial power do operational history, even though it led to no deaths or injuries to plant workers or members of the near community. that it brought move changes involving exigency receipt plan- ning, reactor means training, human being factors engineering, radiation protection, and some other areas of nuclear power plant operations. melt cre